David tong quantum hall effect

The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance Rxy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values. where VHall is the Hall voltage, Ichannel is the ...

David tong quantum hall effect. From the simple picture that extended states form only at the center of each Landau level and all the other states are localized, we can explain the origin of the Quantum hall plateaux. Because the current is carried only by the states at the center of each Landau level, the current should jump discontinuously as the Fermi level is tuned ...

Quantum Hall Effects. These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic-energy quantisation of ...

The Quantum Hall Effect: David Tong, University of Cambridge: Topological quantum numbers in condensed matter systems: Sebastian Huber, ETH Zurich: Quantum Hall Effects: M. O. Goerbig, arXiv:0909.1992: Introduction to the Physics of the Quantum Hall Regime: A. H. MacDonald, arXiv:cond-mat/9410047: The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and ...INTRODUCTION. The fractional quantum Hall effect is a very counter- intuitive physical phenomenon. It implies that many electrons, acting in concert, can create new particles having a chargesmallerthan the charge of any indi- vidual electron. This is not the way things are supposed to be. in the thinking about the fractional quantum Hall e↵ect is somewhat lower than that of the integer e↵ect. Instead, we will paint a compelling picture, using a number of di↵erent approaches, to describe what’s going on. 3.1 Laughlin States The first approach to the fractional quantum Hall e↵ect was due to Laughlin17,who This doubling indeed happens in the "quantum spin Hall effect", but those systems are at zero magnetic field (and moreover enjoy time reversal symmetry, which is key). However, in the usual quantum Hall effect, there is a huge static magnetic field, which polarizes all the low energy electrons (the Zeeman splitting is large because it goes like ...analyze the Hall effect in the plateau region relative to the fundamental value 2 h/e i expected in the simple one-electron picture for integer filling factors of Landau levels. Subsequent work in my laboratory in Wiirzburg using a super­ conducting solenoid confirmed the constancy of the Hall resistance both in Dorda's samples and in samples supplied by …“The Quantum Hall Effect: TIFR Infosys Lectures”, David Tong,. arXiv:1606.06687v2 and references there in. 2.INTRODUCTION. The fractional quantum Hall effect is a very counter- intuitive physical phenomenon. It implies that many electrons, acting in concert, can create new particles having a chargesmallerthan the charge of any indi- vidual electron. This is not the way things are supposed to be.chakraborty, t, fractional quantum hall-effect at even-denominator filling fractions, physical review b 38: 10097 (1988). google scholar. chang, a.m., transmission and reflection probabilities between v=1 and v=2/3 quantum hall-effects and between v=2/3 and v=1/3 effects, solid state communications 72: 651 (1989).

David Tong: Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect. This is a course on the quantum Hall effect, given in TIFR, Mumbai. The first four chapters require only basic quantum mechanics; the final two chapters need techniques from quantum field theory. The full lecture notes are around 230 pages.Dec 15, 2015 · Abstract. We introduce a supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory whose low energy physics is that of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The supersymmetry allows us to solve the theory analytically. We quantize the vortices and, by relating their dynamics to a matrix model, show that their ground state wave function is in the same universality class ... ADHM and the 4d Quantum Hall Effect. Alec Barns-Graham, Nick Dorey, Nakarin Lohitsiri, David Tong, Carl Turner. Yang-Mills instantons are solitonic particles …David Tong: Lectures on Quantum Mechanics. This is an introductory course on quantum mechanics. The lecture notes are around 130 pages. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF HTML. Content. 1. Introduction: PDF. The wavefunction, normalisation, superposition.David Tong: Lectures on Classical Dynamics. This is a second course in classical mechanics, given to final year undergraduates. They were last updated in January 2015. Individual chapters and problem sheets are available below. The full set of lecture notes, weighing in at around 130 pages, can be downloaded here: PostScript PDF HTML.analyze the Hall effect in the plateau region relative to the fundamental value 2 h/e i expected in the simple one-electron picture for integer filling factors of Landau levels. Subsequent work in my laboratory in Wiirzburg using a super­ conducting solenoid confirmed the constancy of the Hall resistance both in Dorda's samples and in samples supplied by …Quantum Hall Effects. M. O. Goerbig. These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic …: Get the latest Hiap Tong Corporation stock price and detailed information including news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks

ADHM and the 4d Quantum Hall Effect. Alec Barns-Graham, Nick Dorey, Nakarin Lohitsiri, David Tong, Carl Turner. Yang-Mills instantons are solitonic particles in d=4+1 dimensional gauge theories. We construct and analyse the quantum Hall states that arise when these particles are restricted to the lowest Landau level.David Tong: Lectures on Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics. These are introductory lectures on supersymmetric quantum mechanics, aimed at Masters students. They describe some applications of quantum mechanics to ideas in geometry. The lecture notes are around 100 pages. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF. Content.Magnetic fields give rise to new fundamental behaviors not observed in bulk‐like systems, such as the quantum Hall effect. In mesoscopic systems, a static magnetic field may have a profound effect on the electronic and transport properties. The application of high magnetic fields to these mesoscopic devices is an invaluable degree of freedom ... David Tong: Lectures on Classical Dynamics. This is a second course in classical mechanics, given to final year undergraduates. They were last updated in January 2015. Individual chapters and problem sheets are available below. The full set of lecture notes, weighing in at around 130 pages, can be downloaded here: PostScript PDF HTML. But the world is governed by quantum mechanics. This becomes important at low temperatures and strong magnetic fields where more interesting things can happen. It’s useful to distinguish between two di↵erent quantum Hall e↵ects which are asso-ciated to two related phenomena. These are called the integer and fractional quantum Hall e↵ects.

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First-principles calculations reveal that the anomalous valley Hall effect can be detected and tuned through an external electric field in bilayer VSe2. In transition-metal dichalcogenides, the ...When learning quantum mechanics as a graduate student at Harvard University in the 1950s, US physicist N. David Mermin recalled vivid memories of the …David Tong: Lectures on Quantum Mechanics. This is an introductory course on quantum mechanics. The lecture notes are around 130 pages. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF HTML. Content. 1. Introduction: PDF. The wavefunction, normalisation, superposition. On the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects H J Andrä This paper brings together under a general heading the author's former publications on the Quantum Hall Effects: DOI: 10.13140/2.1.4169.8883 DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3834.4483 DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2392.6564 DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3474.1288 Keyword Research: People who searched quantum hall effect david tong also searched

David Tong: Lectures on Particle Physics. These notes provide a gentle, but detailed, introduction to particle physics, using little more than high school mathematics. They are written, in part, for the CERN summer school. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF Content . 1. Introduction: PDF Quantum fields and natural units.As the quantum computing industry continues to push forward, so do the goal posts. A long-sought objective was to attain quantum “supremacy” — demonstrating that a quantum computer...Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect by David Tong. Publisher: University of Cambridge 2016 Number of pages: 234. Description: The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, ...David Tong: Concepts in Theoretical Physics. These lectures provide bite sized introductions to a handful of topics in theoretical physics, aimed at first year undergraduates. Presentations can be downloaded below. Principle of least action, Unification of physics, Feynman's path integral formulation of quantum mechanics.David Tong: Lectures on Topics in Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to atomic physics, quantum foundations and scattering theory. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PostScript PDF. Content.I'm following David Tong's lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect, in which he rederives the TKNN formula using the Kubo formula. The notes are a understandably hand-wavy with notation, so let me provide some preliminaries.I'm following David Tong's lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect, in which he rederives the TKNN formula using the Kubo formula. The notes are a understandably hand-wavy with notation, so let me provide some preliminaries.David Tong: Lectures on Applications of Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to condensed matter physics and scattering theory. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes.Interestingly, topological phase transitions from ferrovalley, half-valley metal to quantum anomalous Hall effect state appear with the increase of strain in VGe2N4 monolayer. More interestingly, half-metal state of valley induced by electronic correlation or strain can occur in VGe2N4 monolayer, which means 100% spin-polarized valley …This doubling indeed happens in the "quantum spin Hall effect", but those systems are at zero magnetic field (and moreover enjoy time reversal symmetry, which is key). However, in the usual quantum Hall effect, there is a huge static magnetic field, which polarizes all the low energy electrons (the Zeeman splitting is large because it goes like ...David Tong: Lectures on Cosmology. This is a course on cosmology, aimed at final year undergraduate students. It assumes a background in neither general relativity nor statistical mechanics. The full lecture notes come in around 170 pages. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF HTML Content . 1. The Expanding Universe: PDF

chang, a.m., transmission and reflection probabilities between v=1 and v=2/3 quantum hall-effects and between v=2/3 and v=1/3 effects, solid state communications 72: 651 (1989). Google Scholar CLARK, R.G., EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF FRACTIONAL CHARGE E/Q FOR QUASIPARTICLE EXCITATIONS IN THE …

Mar 6, 2014 ... Peeters, David Neilson, Milorad V. Milošević, Alexander R. Hamilton. Intra-Zero-Energy Landau Level Crossings in Bilayer Graphene at High ...From the reviews: In this monograph Daijiro Yoshioka has done a marvelous job.--The Physicist "This book will provide a nice starting point for ideas that an experienced solid state physics educator may use for an in-depth introduction to the fundamentals of both the integral and fractional Quantum Hall effect. … this volume does provide a useful introduction to this exciting field in one ...Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect. Tong, David. The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the ...The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in any discipline where $\\hbar=1$. A working ... The late Sidney Coleman taught the quantum field theory course at Harvard for many years, influencing a generation of physicists in the way they view and teach QFT. Below you can find the pdf files of handwritten lecture notes for Coleman's course (transcribed by Brian Hill). The notes come in two large files, each around 6.5 Mb. Benchmark analyst David Williams maintained a Buy on D-Wave Quantum Inc (NYSE:QBTS) with a $4 price target. Continuing to exp... Indices Commodities Currencies ...This question is about obtaining the boundary action from Chern-Simons theory. While reading David Tong's chapter 6 on quantum Hall effect, I cannot derive an equation between (6.9) and (6.10) of theDavid Tong: Lectures on Electromagnetism. These lecture notes provide a comprehensive introduction to Electromagnetism, aimed at undergraduates. Individual chapters and problem sheets are available below. The full set of lecture notes come in around 230 pages and can be downloaded here. Please do email me if you find any typos or corrections.

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Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect by David Tong [2016/06] 230+ pp. Re: CHERN-SIMONS: Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect by David Tong [2016/06] 230+ pp. Re: FERROMAGNETISM: Quantum Hall Ferromagnets by Tin-Lun Ho [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 874 (1994)] The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries by Steven M. Girvin [1999/07] An Introduction to the Quantum Hall Effect. The Quantum Hall Effect is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. It was first discovered by German physicist Klaus von Klitzing in 1980, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1985.David Tong: Lectures on Topics in Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to atomic physics, quantum foundations and scattering theory. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PostScript PDF. Content.Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE) is a typical strong-correlated system. Jain proposed his composite fermion (CF) theory in 1989 in which CF is introduced as a weakly coupled degree of freedom. For a pedagogical review of the CF theory, see David Tong's lecture [2]. We use Density Functional Theory (DFT) to compute FQHE in CF theory in …The Implications of Quantum Physics - The implications of quantum physics can contradict our understanding of Newtonian physics. Learn about the implications of quantum physics. Ad...David Tong: The Quantum Hall Effect. This is an old page that is not maintained. The current page with lecture notes can be found here.Want to invest in a potentially lucrative opportunity? These three quantum computing stocks might be worth your time. Quantum computing is the future of computing and these are the...These lecture notes provide an introduction to the basic physics of non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions, and other strongly coupled field theories in lower dimensions. They are aimed at beginning graduate students. The lecture notes are long (around 400 pages), but bite-sized chunks can be downloaded below. PDF.chakraborty, t, fractional quantum hall-effect at even-denominator filling fractions, physical review b 38: 10097 (1988). google scholar. chang, a.m., transmission and reflection probabilities between v=1 and v=2/3 quantum hall-effects and between v=2/3 and v=1/3 effects, solid state communications 72: 651 (1989).The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in ... ….

From the reviews: In this monograph Daijiro Yoshioka has done a marvelous job.--The Physicist "This book will provide a nice starting point for ideas that an experienced solid state physics educator may use for an in-depth introduction to the fundamentals of both the integral and fractional Quantum Hall effect. … this volume does provide a useful …David Tong: Lectures on Statistical Field Theory. These lecture notes provide a detailed introduction to phase transitions and the renormalisation group, aimed at "Part III" (i.e. masters level) students. Lecture notes will become available as the lectures progress. Content . 1. From Spins to Fields:20 Sep 2016 · Tong David · Edit social preview The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary.Kwant is a free (open source) Python package for numerical calculations on tight-binding models with a strong focus on quantum transport. It is designed to be flexible and easy to use. Thanks to the use of innovative algorithms, Kwant is often faster than other available codes, even those entirely written in the low level FORTRAN and C/C++ ...This doubling indeed happens in the "quantum spin Hall effect", but those systems are at zero magnetic field (and moreover enjoy time reversal symmetry, which is key). However, in the usual quantum Hall effect, there is a huge static magnetic field, which polarizes all the low energy electrons (the Zeeman splitting is large because it goes like ...David Tong: Lectures on Kinetic Theory. This is a graduate course on topics in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, covering kinetic theory, stochastic processes and linear response. It is aimed at masters students and PhD students. The full set of lecture notes are around 100 pages.Kwant is a free (open source) Python package for numerical calculations on tight-binding models with a strong focus on quantum transport. It is designed to be flexible and easy to use. Thanks to the use of innovative algorithms, Kwant is often faster than other available codes, even those entirely written in the low level FORTRAN and C/C++ ...Electron Effective g Factor in Small Quantum Systems. E. Ivchenko A. Kiselev U. Roessler. Physics. 1998. Abstract : The Zeenmn effect for 1D and 0D electron states has been considered theoretically. We have established the relation between the point symmetry of a low-dimensional system and properties of…. Expand. 1.Apr 1, 2020 ... The quantum Hall effect: Novel excitations and broken symmetries. ,” preprint arXiv:cond-mat/9907002 (. 1999. ). Google Scholar. 9. David. Tong. David tong quantum hall effect, arxiv; journals. Contributor. Internet Archive. The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of …, Strongly interacting topological matter1 exhibits fundamentally new phenomena with potential applications in quantum information technology2,3. Emblematic instances are fractional quantum Hall ..., Unless you're a pro basketball player, we all have one or two shelves in our kitchen that are just too darn tall to reach. Instead of grabbing a chair every time you need to get so..., Quantum Hall Effect. An introduction to the quantum Hall effect. The first half uses only quantum mechanics and is at a level suitable for undergraduates. The second half …, Title: The Quantum Hall Effect in Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Theories Authors: David Tong , Carl Turner Comments: 31 pages + appendices. 4 Figures. v2: references added …, The QWC uses innovative new tools that optimize the body to help prevent dysfunction and to boost vitality. Our center allows you to experience the latest in light, vibrational, and …, The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in ..., David Tong: Lectures on Applications of Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to condensed matter physics and scattering theory. Please do email me if …, David Tong: Lectures on Solid State Physics. This is an introduction to solid state physics. It covers the basics of band structure, Fermi surfaces, phonons, and particles in magnetic fields. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PostScript PDF Content . 1. Particles in Magnetic Fields: PDF, chang, a.m., transmission and reflection probabilities between v=1 and v=2/3 quantum hall-effects and between v=2/3 and v=1/3 effects, solid state communications 72: 651 (1989). Google Scholar CLARK, R.G., EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF FRACTIONAL CHARGE E/Q FOR QUASIPARTICLE EXCITATIONS IN THE …, These lecture notes provide an introduction to the basic physics of non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions, and other strongly coupled field theories in lower dimensions. They are aimed at beginning graduate students. The lecture notes are long (around 400 pages), but bite-sized chunks can be downloaded below. PDF. , Over the past 40 years, the quantum Hall effect (QHE) has inspired new theories and led to experimental discoveries in a range of fields going beyond solid-state electronics to photonics and ..., David Tong: Publications [102] On the Hilbert Space of Dyons Abstract PDF With Rishi Mouland [101] Fermion-Monopole Scattering in the Standard Model ... [74] The Quantum Hall Effect in Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Theories Abstract PDF Phys. Rev. B 92, 235125 (2015), arXiv:1508.00580 [hep-th]., The quantum Hall effect is a typical realization of topological effects in condensed matter physics. In this article, some of the topological aspects of the quantum Hall effect are reviewed., I've been trying to understand IQHE by reading these lecture notes by David Tong. Mainly, I was trying to understand the quantized hall resistivity in terms of the number of Landau levels crossing the fermi energy. Then, I began thinking about why spin induced Zeeman splitting is never really mentioned in the context of IQHE., This phenomenon turns out to be fundamentally quantum mechanical, and is known as the quantum Hall effect. ... [24] David Tong. The Quantum Hall effect. TIFR ..., The Integer Quantum Hall (IQH) Effect shows that this resistivity is quantized to extraordinary precision in inte-ger multiples of fundamental flux when the conductor is brought to very low temperatures. A satisfactory model of IQH states emerges from a non-interacting model of the electrons in the conductor and a band structure of these states ..., David Tong: Lectures on Topics in Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to atomic physics, quantum foundations and scattering theory. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PostScript PDF. Content., David Tong: Lectures on Kinetic Theory. This is a graduate course on topics in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, covering kinetic theory, stochastic processes and linear response. It is aimed at masters students and PhD students. The full set of lecture notes are around 100 pages., may model topological quantum properties such as the Quantum Hall Effect. [4] ... [38] David Tong. The Quantum Hall Effect. TIFR Infosys Lectures, Cambridge, UK, ..., Quantum Physics - Quantum physics requires physicists to use thought experiments. Learn why the study of quantum physics has raised more questions than it has answered. Advertiseme..., This non-linear Hall effect has a quantum origin: it is related to the geometric properties of the electronic wavefunctions and encoded in the dipole moment of the Berry curvature. Here, the general theory underpinning this effect is reviewed and various material platforms where non-linear Hall transverse responses have been found are discussed., Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect by David Tong [2016/06] 230+ pp. Re: CHERN-SIMONS: Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect by David Tong [2016/06] 230+ pp. Re: FERROMAGNETISM: Quantum Hall Ferromagnets by Tin-Lun Ho [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 874 (1994)] The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries by Steven M. Girvin [1999/07], David Tong: Lectures on Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics. These are introductory lectures on supersymmetric quantum mechanics, aimed at Masters students. They describe some applications of quantum mechanics to ideas in geometry. The lecture notes are around 100 pages. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PDF. Content., Lectures on the Quantum Hall Effect. Tong, David. The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the ..., The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in ... , The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in ..., Cited by. Year. DBI in the sky: non-Gaussianity from inflation with a speed limit. M Alishahiha, E Silverstein, D Tong. Physical Review D 70 (12), 123505. , 2004. 1226. 2004. Scalar speed limits and cosmology: Acceleration from D-cceleration. , 1.3 Quantum Hall Effects 10 1.3.1 Integer Quantum Hall Effect 11 1.3.2 Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 13 1.4 Landau Levels 14 1.4.1 Landau Gauge 18 1.4.2 Turning on an Electric Field 21 1.4.3 Symmetric Gauge 22 1.5 Berry Phase 27 1.5.1 Abelian Berry Phase and Berry Connection 28 1.5.2 An Example: A Spin in a Magnetic Field 32, An elementary course on elementary particles. This is, by some margin, the least mathematically sophisticated of all my lecture notes, requiring little more than high school mathematics. The lectures provide a pop-science, but detailed, account of particle physics and quantum field theory. These lectures were given at the CERN summer school., Oct 5, 2016 ... David Tong Resources on Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. Being an established physical theory is a far cry from being mathematically proven ..., Title: The Quantum Hall Effect in Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Theories Authors: David Tong , Carl Turner Comments: 31 pages + appendices. 4 Figures. v2: references added and further comments on the chiral edge modes. v3: introduction and abstract rewritten for a condensed matter audience., 3. The Fractional Quantum Hall E↵ect We’ve come to a pretty good understanding of the integer quantum Hall e↵ect and the reasons behind it’s robustness. Indeed, some of the topological arguments in the previous chapter are so compelling that you might think the Hall resistivity of an insulator has to be an integer.