What is osseous structures in lungs

This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age. Ribs. Each rib is a curved, flattened bone that contributes to the wall of the thorax. The ribs articulate posteriorly with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae, and most attach anteriorly via their costal cartilages to the sternum.

are located in the wrists and ankles. Examples include the femur (thighbone), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Long bones have the following parts: Diaphysis- the shaft of a long bone. It is tubular and consists of a thick collar of compact bone that surrounds the central medullary cavity. Epiphysis- the expanded end of a long bone.Osseous definition: composed of, containing, or resembling bone; bony.. See examples of OSSEOUS used in a sentence.The use of radiography frequently plays a critical role in assessing the various osseous structures of the body. eg used to determine the type and extent of a fracture; Evaluation of the lungs is also possible, and with the use of contrast can also be used to examine soft tissue organs of the body including the gastrointestinal tract and the ...On every chest X-ray check the soft tissues, especially around the neck, the thoracic wall, and the breasts. If a patient has very thick soft tissue due to obesity, underlying structures such as the lung markings may be obscured. Large breasts may obscure the costophrenic angles giving the impression of the presence of pleural effusions.The clinical examination of the lungs is part of almost any physical examination. Due to the close relationship with nearby structures such as the heart, great vessels, esophagus, and diaphragm, a careful examination of the lungs can provide clues towards a diagnosis. ... The most common chest osseous abnormality is pectus …Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, the support structure of the body.In the areas of the skeleton where bones move (for example, the ribcage and joints), cartilage, a semi-rigid form of connective tissue, provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement.The skeletal system is the body system composed of bones and cartilage ...Each bacterium is a single cell. All living structures of human anatomy contain cells, and almost all functions of human physiology are performed in cells or are initiated by cells. ... Many of the common ailments we hear about—an upset stomach, a broken bone, lung disease, skin cancer—are named for the organs they affect. ...Heart Anatomy. Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds the roots of your heart's major blood vessels and is attached by ...

Lungs are the primary respiratory organs found in humans and most of the animals. Humans have two lungs - a right lung and a left lung. Read this article to learn in detail about the anatomy of lungs. ... The root of the lung is a structure that emerges from the hilum of the lung. The bronchus, lymphatic vessels, nerves, pulmonary artery and ...Bones. The bones of the chest — namely the rib cage and spine — protect vital organs from injury, and also provide structural support for the body. The rib cage is one of the body’s best ...Dec 14, 2018 · The lungs begin at the bottom of your trachea (windpipe). The trachea is a tube that carries the air in and out of your lungs. Each lung has a tube called a bronchus that connects to the trachea ... Purpose: Our purpose was to explore the clinical significance of unexpected osseous foci on 18 F-FDG-PET without correlative CT abnormalities (FWCT) in patients referred for oncologic evaluation. The significance of FDG-avid foci without correlative CT abnormalities has been previously explored in tissues such as breast, lung, liver, and prostate; however, osseous foci without correlative CT ...Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition of DLD (diffuse lung disease) characterized by the presence of metaplastic ectopic bone in the lungs and is …Bone Structure. Compact bone is the hard material that makes up the shaft of long bones and the outside surfaces of other bones. Compact bone consists of cylindrical units called osteons. Each osteon contains concentric lamellae (layers) of hard, calcified matrix with osteocytes (bone cells) lodged in lacunae (spaces) between the lamellae.A visual comparison of a similar lesion density to osseous structures on mediastinal windows is usually sufficient, however, caution should be exercised in ...

The lungs are rich with capillaries that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide via tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. Outside of the lungs, capillaries are most abundant in metabolically active tissues (meaning those like the liver, brain, heart, and kidneys that convert nutrients to energy at a faster rate).May 12, 2023 · Osseous tissue is the structure providing, hard and mineralized connective tissues. Osseous tissue is also called bone tissue. Bone tissue forms the skeletal system structure of the body in most vertebrates. Structurally, the matrix of the osseous tissue is honeycomb-like to provide rigidity to the structure. Origin and insertion. The diaphragm is a musculotendinous structure with a peripheral attachment to a number of bony structures. It is attached anteriorly to the xiphoid process and costal margin, laterally to the 11th and 12th ribs, and posteriorly to the lumbar vertebrae.The posterior attachment to the vertebrae is by tendinous bands called the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments.The term alveolus (singular) refers to a hollow cavity, basin or bowl in latin. Consequently, there are different types of alveoli (plural) found throughout the human body. However, alveoli are most often used to describe the small air sacs of the lungs of mammals, and are therefore known more specifically as the pulmonary alveoli.. The lung alveoli are the balloon-like air sacs loacted at the ...Osteocyte in lacuna, lamellae, central canal, canaliculi, osteon. What type of cartilage provides support and shock absorption? Fibrocartilage. 10. Thin sheetlike structures which cover all surfaces and line the cavities of the body are known as ____________ . There are three major types found in or on the body.

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Osseous Metastases. Skeletal metastases are the most common variety of bone tumors, particularly in the elderly patients. Some malignant tumors demonstrate a far greater predilection for osseous involvement than do others. Cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney account for about 80% of all metastatic lesions to bone.Heterogeneous refers to a structure with dissimilar components or elements, appearing irregular or variegated. For example, a dermoid cyst has heterogeneous attenuation on CT. It is the antonym for homogeneous, meaning a structure with similar components. Heterogenous refers to a structure having a foreign origin.Blood supply. The lungs have dual, parallel blood supply referred to as pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary circuit arises from the heart and brings deoxygenated blood to the lung for gas exchange. This circuit also takes oxygenated blood back to the heart to be redistributed to the rest of the body.Lungs and Pleura: Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart and Mediastinum: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Bones: Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable. ImpressionThe sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch. This can be easily felt at the ...Internal respiration is gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues ( Figure 22.4.3 ). Similar to external respiration, internal respiration also occurs as simple diffusion due to a partial pressure gradient. However, the partial pressure gradients are opposite of those present at the respiratory membrane.

However, the lung architecture is preserved at the lobular level. A nodular component from intraparenchymal extension may be associated with lymphangitic carcinomatosis. A polygonal structure with a central dot may be seen due to thickened interlobular septa and thickened intralobular axial interstitium by tumor growth.Feb 1, 2018 ... ... structures, complicating the diagnosis of lung diseases. ... Histological evaluation of the lungs ... The mediastinal shadows as well as all osseous ...The statement “soft tissues are unremarkable” in medical imaging reports denotes the absence of noticeable issues within these body structures. It serves as a reassuring indication, allowing doctors to focus on other conditions. Keep in mind that while this assessment is a valuable aspect of imaging reports, it’s always important to ...Specializes in Internal Medicine. Lung densities: When we physicians get a report like this we sit down with the radiologist and get a differential diagnosis, ask what other studies (?ct scan) would be helpful or what consultants (such as a pulmonologist) he/she would recommend. Tuberculosis, active or dormant often affects the upper lobes.The last characteristic lung infection would present on a chest X-ray with an obvious cavity that forms in the upper lobes of the lung. This will be very noticeable and will have a mixture of fluid and air in the lesion. A lung abscess can be considered to be one of the suspicious densities on the lungs that can be problematic to treat as well ...Figure 14.4.1 14.4. 1 :Roasted Bone Marrow. Bones are organs that consist primarily of bone tissue, also called osseous tissue. Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue consisting mainly of a collagen matrix that is mineralized with calcium and phosphorus crystals.Lung apex is the term used to describe the very top of the lungs. This description can be found on many different types of reports from X-rays to MRI. Lung apex is a tough area to evaluate on x-ray because of all the overlapping structures, like ribs, clavicle and blood vessels. X-ray also does not tell us what an abnormality may be so chest CT ...Metastasis is a term used to describe the spread of tumor cells from primary sites to surrounding structures and distant sites. It is considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Distant metastasis is an indicative marker of the aggressive nature of the primary tumor.Abstract. The concept that the small airway is a primary pathological site for all COPD phenotypes has been challenged by recent findings that the disease starts from the central airways in COPD subgroups and that a smaller central airway tree increases COPD risk. This study aimed to examine whether the computed tomography (CT)-based …No infiltrate on chest X-ray therefore means that the lungs are clear. Most commonly the radiologist means there is no pneumonia seen on X-ray. It is important to remember that this does not mean you have no pneumonia or infection. It simply means we don’t see one. Further testing like CT may be needed.What is an interstitial lung pattern? This finding means that there is abnormality of the support tissues of the lung. This is the lung tissue between the spaces that are filled with air in the lung. This says nothing of the cause or diagnosis. It can be difficult to confidently say on chest X-ray whether the finding on X-ray is truly isolated ...The outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane called the periosteum (peri – = “around” or “surrounding”). The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone. Tendons and ligaments also attach to bones at the periosteum.

Etymology. The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ thorax "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via Latin: thorax.. Human thorax Structure. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the rib cage, spine, and shoulder girdle.

As we have seen time and time again in our investigation of suspicious densities on the lungs, there are several different agents that can cause these markings [].They can be caused by anything between lesions for lung cancer to signs of a lung infection.These infections can also be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi so the therapy is highly dependent on what you ultimately are diagnosed with.The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch. This can be easily felt at the ...Bone Structure. Liver Microanatomy . Heart and Diaphragm . Larynx . Base of Head . Small Liver Model . Liver Denoyer Model . Kidney Denoyer Model Disc/MRI Head . Smooth Muscle . Heart and Lung Larynx is missing . Brain Stem Enlarged 3X. Nerves of the Head. Brain Stem (SOMSO) - Detailed. Cranial Layers . Diencephalon. Ventricles and Basal Nuclei ...Respiratory System. Your respiratory system is made up of your lungs, airways (trachea, bronchi and bronchioles), diaphragm, voice box, throat, nose and mouth. Its main function is to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. It also helps protect you from harmful particles and germs and allows you to smell and speak.The two lungs are the primary organs of our respiratory system, each with characteristic shapes and surfaces. Main characteristics of the lungs: The soft, elastic lungs occupy most of the thoracic cavity and are protected from injury by the surrounding the sternum and rib cage.Sep 2, 2017 · The base is the concave lower surface of the lung that rests over the diaphragm [9].. Structures including the bronchus, bronchial veins and arteries, pulmonary artery, two of the pulmonary veins, pulmonary plexus of nerves (anterior and posterior), and lymphatic vessels bundle together to form the root of the lungs [9, 10]. These structures are all contained between the right and left lungs. The mediastinum can be partitioned into three compartments from anterior to posterior, which is best viewed on the lateral film. The anterior compartment contains the heart, thyroid, and thymus. The middle mediastinal compartment includes the esophagus, trachea, and many lymph ...

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The vagus nerve, or the 10th cranial nerve (CN X), is the longest and most complex of the cranial nerves. The vagus nerve differs slightly as it primarily supplies the organs of the chest and abdomen, as opposed to the head and neck. It is called "vagus" as it is a vagrant or wandering nerve going down to the abdomen.Lungs being the largest among various anatomical structures in the thoracic region, most of the CADx systems for chest pathologies first segment the lung field [7, 11, 12], while fewer have focused on directly detecting diaphragm [13, 14], or the costophrenic (CP) angle [15, 16]. Lung field segmentation (LFS) is important because it precisely ...Pulmonary lymphoma refers to lung parenchymal involvement with lymphoma and can be categorized as primary or secondary. Primary pulmonary lymphoma is rare and is usually non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is limited to the lung and there is no evidence of extrathoracic involvement for at least 3 mo after the diagnosis [ 34 ].Dec 14, 2018 · The lungs begin at the bottom of your trachea (windpipe). The trachea is a tube that carries the air in and out of your lungs. Each lung has a tube called a bronchus that connects to the trachea ... swelling. stiffness. abscesses. When bone tuberculosis is more advanced, some dangerous symptoms include: neurological complications. paraplegia/ paralysis. limb-shortening in children. bone ...The lungs (plural in Latin: pulmones, singular: pulmo) are the main respiratory organs located in the thorax. There are two lungs in the human body - right and left. They are expandable organs with a spongy structure that occupy most of the thoracic cavity and are situated on both sides of the mediastinum. The lungs are the central organs of ...CT scan is a type of imaging test. It uses X-ray and computer technology to make detailed pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest. These images are more detailed than regular X-rays. They can give more information about injuries or diseases of the chest organs. In a CT scan, an X-ray beam moves in a circle around your body.Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition of DLD (diffuse lung disease) characterized by the presence of metaplastic ectopic bone in the lungs and is …Atelectasis means a collapse of the whole lung or an area of the lung. It's one of the most common breathing complications after surgery. ... This test uses sound waves to create detailed images of structures inside your chest. A small, hand-held device is pressed against your chest and moved as needed to capture the images. It can find the ...The purpose of the lung is to provide oxygen to the blood. The respiratory system divides into airways and lung parenchyma. The airways consist of the bronchus, which bifurcates off the trachea and divides into bronchioles and then further into alveoli. The parenchyma is responsible for gas exchange and includes the alveoli, alveolar … ….

A normal chest X-ray shows the normal size and shape of the chest wall and the main structures in the chest. As described earlier, white shadows on the chest X-ray signify solid structures and fluids such as the bone of the rib cage, vertebrae, heart, aorta, and bones of the shoulders.The dark background on the chest X-rays represents air-filled lungs.May 12, 2023 · Osseous tissue is the structure providing, hard and mineralized connective tissues. Osseous tissue is also called bone tissue. Bone tissue forms the skeletal system structure of the body in most vertebrates. Structurally, the matrix of the osseous tissue is honeycomb-like to provide rigidity to the structure. A broken bone is referred to as a fracture in medical term. You end up dealing with a fracture when a powerful force is applying to one of your bones. This force will make your bone to bend to an extent that it snaps and breaks. A non-displaced fracture is the one in which your bone brakes in one spot only and stays aligned.Please read the disclaimer. Patchy ground glass opacities in the lungs are seen in multiple conditions. Ground glass opacity is when the normally dark lung becomes whiter in appearance. Patchy implies that those areas are scattered throughout the lungs. Ground glass refers to glass which has been treated and has a white or frosty appearance.Human skeleton. The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth - this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. [1] The bone mass in the skeleton makes up about 14% of the total body weight (ca. 10-11 kg for an average person) and ...Asymmetry of lung density is represented as either abnormal whiteness (increased density), or abnormal blackness (decreased density). Once you have spotted asymmetry, the next step is to decide which side is abnormal. If there is an area that is different from the surrounding ipsilateral lung, then this is likely to be the abnormal area.Sometimes, bone metastasis causes no signs and symptoms. When it does occur, signs and symptoms of bone metastasis include: Bone pain. Broken bones. Urinary incontinence. Bowel incontinence. Weakness in the legs or arms. High levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation and confusion.The last characteristic lung infection would present on a chest X-ray with an obvious cavity that forms in the upper lobes of the lung. This will be very noticeable and will have a mixture of fluid and air in the lesion. A lung abscess can be considered to be one of the suspicious densities on the lungs that can be problematic to treat as well ... What is osseous structures in lungs, The systematic analysis of chest radiographic examinations involves the sequential assessment of various anatomic structures and interfaces and allows for a high level of confidence in the detection of abnormalities. The radiologist's detection, localization, and characterization of abnormal chest radiographic findings help guide the clinician to the appropriate follow-up imaging study or ..., Lung apex is the term used to describe the very top of the lungs. This description can be found on many different types of reports from X-rays to MRI. Lung apex is a tough area to evaluate on x-ray because of all the overlapping structures, like ribs, clavicle and blood vessels. X-ray also does not tell us what an abnormality may be so chest CT ..., No infiltrate on chest X-ray therefore means that the lungs are clear. Most commonly the radiologist means there is no pneumonia seen on X-ray. It is important to remember that this does not mean you have no pneumonia or infection. It simply means we don't see one. Further testing like CT may be needed., The lung roots, or hila (singular – hilum), are complicated anatomical structures containing the pulmonary vessels and the major bronchi, arranged asymmetrically. Although the hilar lymph nodes are not visible on a normal chest X-ray, they are of particular importance clinically. Often, hilar enlargement is due to enlargement of these nodes. , Lungs are remarkable organs that continuously achieve amazing feats, which they do so well that we take them for granted, except when their function is diminished. It all happens in a space inside ..., Their functions include: protection of vital structures, such as the spinal cord, brain, heart, and lungs. support of body structures. body locomotion through coordination with the muscular system. hematopoiesis, or generation of blood cells, within the red marrow spaces of bones. storage and release of the inorganic minerals calcium and ..., , Bone is a frequent site of metastases and typically indicates a short-term prognosis in cancer patients. Once cancer has spread to the bones it can rarely be cured, but often it can still be treated to slow its growth. ... The radiation fields must be shaped to reduce exposure of sensitive structures such as lung, gut, kidney and liver., Respiratory System. Your respiratory system is made up of your lungs, airways (trachea, bronchi and bronchioles), diaphragm, voice box, throat, nose and mouth. Its main function is to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. It also helps protect you from harmful particles and germs and allows you to smell and speak., Overview. The chest wall is comprised of skin, fat, muscles, and the thoracic skeleton. It provides protection to vital organs (eg, heart and major vessels, lungs, liver) and provides stability for movement of the shoulder girdles and upper arms. Although the thoracic skeleton consists of rigid bones and cartilage, its interconnection with the ..., The visualized osseous structures on chest CT which include the spine, ribs, sternum, scapula, and humerus should be examined on bone window settings (Level 600, Window 3000). Look at each one individually to see if it is fractured or contains a lytic or sclerotic lesion. The bones are reviewed on axial images, and the review is supplemented by ..., Annotated frontal and lateral chest x-ray with structures that account for the mediastinal outline labeled. Case Discussion A thorough understanding of the structures which normally contribute to cardiomediastinal outline is essential in being able to interpret chest x-rays and localize abnormalities., Pulmonary ossification (PO) is a rare disease entity that is often identified radiographically in asymptomatic middle-aged men [ 1, 2 ]. PO is bone formation …, A tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal passageway between the trachea and the esophagus that lets swallowed food get inside the trachea and the lungs. A fistula can lead to choking, gagging, trouble breathing, and bluish skin due to the lack of oxygen ( cyanosis ). A complication is aspiration pneumonia ., Abstract. Structural changes in COPD are found in the central airways, peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. Broadly there are two different pathways leading to the same physiologic phenotype: one centered on the small airways and involving mucosal inflammation and structural change, and the other centered on the ..., Osseous Metastases. Skeletal metastases are the most common variety of bone tumors, particularly in the elderly patients. Some malignant tumors demonstrate a far greater predilection for osseous involvement than do others. Cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney account for about 80% of all metastatic lesions to bone., broken ribs or arm bones (irregularity in the structure and shape of any of the ribs or the humerus bone of the arm); broken vertebrae or vertebral fractures; dislocated shoulders; lung cancer or other lung masses (irregular and abnormal shadow on the lung fields); cavities in the lungs or cavitary lung lesions (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, etc.);, Degenerative lung disease includes diffuse hypertrophic emphysema, bullous emphysema, and "vanishing" or "cotton-candy" lung. It is the author's concept that all of the above clinical entities are stages of one disease with a common etiological factor, namely obliterative vascular disease of both the bronchial and pulmonary systems., Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs from an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. Pulmonary means related to the lungs. Simple pulmonary eosin..., Structural changes in COPD are found in the central airways, peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. Broadly there are two different pathways leading to the same physiologic phenotype: one centered on the small airways and involving mucosal inflammation and structural change, and the other centered on the …, softening of the nail beds. nails having an appearance of floating instead of being firmly attached to your fingers or toes. redness and warmth in the nails and nail beds. the skin at the base of ..., Thoracic Spondylosis Symptoms and Treatment. As you get older, your vertebrae (spinal bones) tend to wear down. The bony discs and joints can crack. You don’t have to have an injury, such as a ..., Case 5: Interstitial lung disease. Official CXR Read: Cardiac silhouette is partially obscured. Near diffuse interstitial opacities are redemonstrated throughout both lungs, with elements of traction bronchiectasis, presumed honeycombing, and architectural distortion. No definite pneumothorax is identified. Osseous structures appear intact., The heart is located in the middle mediastinum. Other visible structures of the mediastinum should also be checked when viewing a chest X-ray. These include the aortic knuckle, descending aorta, aortopulmonary window, and right paratracheal stripe. Some structures of the mediastinum are not visible on a chest X-ray, for example the oesophagus ..., Air and fat have negative numbers, water is close to zero, and structures like soft tissue, blood and bone are higher than zero. The lower the number the darker the tissue. ... The lung is dark because it is mostly air. Darker areas in the lungs may be cysts or areas of air trapping. Hypodense areas in the mediastinum may be masses, lymph …, The circulatory system (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen. The heart then sends oxygenated blood through arteries to the rest of the body. The veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart to start the circulation process over. Your circulatory system is critical to healthy organs, muscles and tissues., This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age. Ribs. Each rib is a curved, flattened bone that contributes to the wall of the thorax. The ribs articulate posteriorly with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae, and most attach anteriorly via their costal cartilages to the sternum., Structure of atypical ribs. First - widest, shortest, it has the sharpest curve and only one articular surface, contains two grooves for the subclavian vessels. Second - it has two facets and a roughened tuberosity on its posterior surface. Tenth, eleventh, twelfth - they have only one facet and neither a neck or tubercles., Lung apex is the term used to describe the very top of the lungs. This description can be found on many different types of reports from X-rays to MRI. Lung apex is a tough area to evaluate on x-ray because of all the overlapping structures, like ribs, clavicle and blood vessels. X-ray also does not tell us what an abnormality may be so …, What is chronic osseous in my lungs mean. A member asked: ... the lungs and pleural spaces are clear. the cardiac silhouette is normal. the regional osseous structures are normal. impression: no active cardiopulmonary process? 2 doctors weighed in across 2 answers. A member asked:, Osseous metaplasia (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6) is frequently seen as a background lung lesion in NTP studies.No association with test article administration has been shown. It may occur anywhere in the lung, including the pleura ().Osseous metaplasia is seen as foci of eosinophilic osteoid or woven bone or basophilic mineralized bone that contain ..., Pulmonary edema. The function of the alveoli also depends on the sacs being inflated the right amount. Some conditions and injuries can cause overdistention or surfactant dysfunction, which cause the alveoli to collapse. This makes it harder for the lungs to work. Overdistention is overstretching of the alveoli., The lungs have dual, parallel blood supply referred to as pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary circuit arises from the heart and brings deoxygenated blood to the lung for gas exchange. This circuit also takes oxygenated blood back to the heart to be redistributed to the rest of the body.