Ecen 449 tamu

ECEN 455? Hi I was hoping some students who have any knowledge of ECEN 455 could share their experiences with this class? Either first hand or second hand accounts on how hard the course work is compared to other 4 credit hour electives. I searched around and found very little about this class. Taught by Dr. Savari, ABANDON SHIP.

4 ECEN 449. Laboratory Exercise #5 5 (k)Create a modules directory /lib/modules/ uname -r using the following command. The symbol can be found on the same key as the ˜ symbol. >mkdir -p /lib/modules/ uname -r uname is a kernel command used to get the name and information about the current kernel.One way to save money on higher-end hotel stays is to check out Club1 Hotels. Here's how to score a free, one-year Gold Rewards subscription. Since we write about travel basically ...Yakult Honsha News: This is the News-site for the company Yakult Honsha on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksContact. Texas A&M University, College Station 3128 TAMU -315D WERC College Station, TX 77843. Office: (979) 862-4253 Phone: (302) 562-4616Ecen 420 is a good class. Offers some good knowledge on control systems. Datta is a great teacher! He literally tells you what is going to be on the test, so you know exactly what to study. (I took him before for 420) It does have alot of math but it's not difficult.ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #7 IR-Remote Peripheral for Linux System ObjectiveSelect course from ECEN 300-499 except ECEN 314, ECEN 325, and ECEN 485. Students must make a grade of "C" or better in all courses. Further Requirements: A minimum grade point average of 2.75 is required for entering the minor. Prerequisite coursework includes the calculus sequence, MATH 308, and PHYS 208 or equivalents.

1 Texas A&M University ECEN 449 - Microprocessor System Design FPGAs and Reconfigurable Computing Some of the notes for this course were developed using the course notes for ECE 412 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign .ECEN 617 Advanced Signal Processing for Medical Imaging. Credits 3. 3 Lecture Hours. This is a graduate-level course covering several advanced signal processing topics in medical imaging: multi-dimensional signal sampling and reconstruction, bio-signal generation and optimal detection, Fourier imaging, Radon transform-based tomographic imaging, multi-channel signal processing, as well as ...ECEN 651 is being offered by Prof. Mi LU and ECEN 749 by Prof. Pierce Cantrell. 651 is ecen version of CS 614. I've heard a lot of people complain about 651. They also recommend taking 614 rather than 651. Yeah, one of my friends also suggested taking a look into CS 614.The ban isn't a distraction from health care or immigration raids—they're all part of a concerted effort to consolidate power. When a concerned friend e-mailed me yesterday about U...ECEN 444 Digital Signal Processing. Prof. Jim Ji, 2008 Spring . Instructor: Jim Ji , 236B WERC; ... Grades and solutions will be posted on elearning.tamu.edu. The late homework carries 3% per hour penalty. No late homework will be accepted after the solution has been posted, except those covered under the University Policies on Excused AbsencesEcen Course Catalog Tamu 2024. Our catalogs are the perfect way to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and products. HOME. Category. Automotive Accessory Catalogs Books, TV & Movie Catalogs Business Supply Catalogs Clothing & Apparel Catalogs Computer & Electronics Catalogs Educational Catalogs Food & Beverage Catalogs Gardening Supply ...Discover the best homework help resource for ECEN at Texas A&M University. Find ECEN study guides, notes, and practice tests for Texas A&M. AI Homework Help. Expert Help. Study Resources. Log in Join. Schools. ... ECEN 449 - Spring 2024 Register Now ECEN_449_HMK1.pdf. 20 pages. ECEN340m13_EMsys.pdf Texas A&M University 340 ...

ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #2 Using the Software Development Kit (SDK) ObjectiveIn most cases, the back of your desktop monitor is nothing more than wasted space. If you have an all-in-one system like an iMac, that space is even more cluttered because it has c...Jyh Liu is a professor in the Computer Science department at Texas A&M University at College Station - see what their students are saying about them or leave a rating yourself. ... If he thought it was too easy, he refused to give tips on how to improve it. Take ECEN 449 instead. Tough grader Graded by few things. Helpful. 2. 0. CSCE462. May ...ECEN 619 – 600/601 Internet Protocols and Modeling Spring 2024. Office Hour: Tue. & Thur. 04:15PM-05:15PM. Office: On-Line by appointment. This course is open to all engineering or other disciplinary graduate students who are interested in Internet protocols and modeling. Desirable prerequisites of the course are basic knowledge of Computer ...

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EVEN 400 Design Problems in Environmental Engineering I. Credits 2. 1 Lecture Hour. 3 Lab Hours. .Capstone design project of an interdisciplinary or specialized nature involving both technical and non-technical aspects of an environmental engineering problem; managing a project through the evaluation, selection and preparation of an appropriate design solution for an open-ended problem ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University 301 Wisenbaker Engineering Building College Station, TX 77843-3128. Phone: 979-845-7441; View Lab 5 Report.pdf from ECEN 449 at Texas A&M University. ECEN 449 Lab 5 Report: Introduction to Kernel Modules on Zynq Linux System March 30, 2021 Abdullah Ahmad Introduction: Throughout thisResearching to better our world. The Texas A&M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering advances national and global prosperity. We research, develop and apply electrical and information technologies and sciences for the benefit of humanity. Our faculty are investigating a broad range of theoretical and real-world problems.

To fill out a Key Request Form, please contact ECEN Facilities or your advisor. Department Resources. Advising; Student Projects & Activities; University Resources. Scholarships and Financial Aid; ... [email protected]; 979-845-7200; Staff Directory; Site Map; Site Policies; About this Site; Employment; Follow Us:ECEN 455. Anyone taken ECEN 455 (digital communications) with Dr. Savari previously and know what pre curve averages usually looked like? It seems to be an odd class that no one chooses to take (I now know why). Also if someone has taken it and has any good study references please don't hesitate to share, I can use all the help learning for ...View Homework Help - hw2.pdf from ECEN 449 at Texas A&M University. ECEN 449 749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Homework #2 Due :ECEN 449). Students wishing to take ECEN 485, ECEN 489, or ECEN 491 must receive approval from the CSCE dept. undergraduate advisor. • Other Courses: ENGR 385 (co-op) credits and EPICS (ENGR 270 and 470) credits may be used to fulfill ... Refer to core.tamu.edu for information on the core curriculum courses. The following degree …Syllabus. Prof. Palermo's Office Hours. M 10:00AM-11:30AM & F 1:00PM-2:30PM, Online via Zoom. Laboratory. TA Srujan Kumar Kaile Office Hours T 12:00PM-2:00PM, Zoom. Lab Syllabus. MultiSim and Analog Discovery 2 Manual. Custom MOSFET Models Custom MOSFET Models Notes. Lab 1 Lab 1 Graphical Design Procedure.ECEN 749 at Texas A&M University (TAMU) in College Station, Texas. Microprocessor Systems Design. (2-2). Credit 3. Introduction to microprocessors; 16/32 bit single board computer hardware and software designs; chip select equations for memory board design, serial and parallel I/O interfacing; ROM, static and dynamic RAM circuits for no wait-state design; assembly language programming, stack ...Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University 301 Wisenbaker Engineering Building College Station, TX 77843-3128. Phone: 979-845-7441; Follow Our Department:ECEN 449 - Introduction to Communication Systems. When Offered: F;S 3 Credit(s) 3 Lecture Hour(s) 0 Lab Hour(s) This course covers the fundamental principles of modulation theory including amplitude, single- and double-sideband, frequency, phase, pulse amplitude, pulse duration, pulse code modulation methods; and their applications to ...

ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #8 Interrupt-Based IR-remote Device Driver Objective

ECEN 449 5. 6 Laboratory Exercise #8 lengths to find the maximum amount of delay that could be tolerated by the user. Note that reducing the delay makes the system more responsive, but requires more calls to ‘read’. (g)Run the devtest application on the ZYBO board and demonstrate your progress to the TA whenECEN 455? Hi I was hoping some students who have any knowledge of ECEN 455 could share their experiences with this class? Either first hand or second hand accounts on how hard the course work is compared to other 4 credit hour electives. I searched around and found very little about this class. Taught by Dr. Savari, ABANDON SHIP.If you are seeing this screen, please try the following: Log out of Howdy ; Clear your browser's cache and cookies. Restart your browser ; Log into Howdy. ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #2 Using the Software Development Kit (SDK) Objective ECEN 714 – ECEN 454 ECEN 719 – ECEN 468 ECEN 722 – ECEN 428 ECEN 749 – ECEN 449 ECEN 754 – ECEN 434 ECEN 759 – ECEN 426. Device Science and Nanotechnology. ECEN 600 – ECEN 465 ECEN 671 – ECEN 473 ECEN 688 – ECEN 472 ECEN 774 – ECEN 470 ECEN 776 – ECEN 466 ECEN 777 – ECEN 477 ECEN 767 – ECEN 467. Electric Power and ... Office: Computer Engineering Group. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 333F Wisenbaker Engineering Building, MS 3259. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3259. Phone : (979) 845-8371. Fax : (979) 845-2630. E-mail : u d e {dot} u m a t {at} i r t a h k l i n u s. (spell backwards, drop spaces)ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #1 Using the Vivado Objective

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ECEN 248 Introduction to Digital Systems Design. Syllabus. Logic gates and Boolean Algebra Theorems of Boolean Algebra Variables, literals, minterms, maxterms, cubes ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University 301 Wisenbaker Engineering Building College Station, TX 77843-3128.ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #2 Using the Software Development Kit (SDK) Objective The purpose of lab this week is to familiarize you with Vivado by developing a software based solution for ...View Homework Help - hw2.pdf from ECEN 449 at Texas A&M University. ECEN 449 749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Homework #2 Due :ECEN PhD Qualifying Exam Format. ECEN will utilize the following two-track option for administrating its qualifying exam. The research advisor will be selecting which track the students will take. During the transition period, students who have already taken an exam through Track 1 and failed will be allowed to change to Track 2, but such ...ECEN 621 -- Dr. Xi Zhang. A Course Targeting at State-of-The-Art Knowledge In Advanced Wireless Communications and Networking Design & Analysis Techniques. Professor. Professor Xi Zhang. Office: 331D WERC. Phone: 979-458-1416. Email: [email protected] A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) ... 2 ECEN 449. Laboratory Exercise #8 3 The interrupt signal should be connected to one bit in the status portion of the status/control register. Setting a certain bit within the control portion of the status ...ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #9 Linux Kernel: Built-in Modules ObjectiveAn Introduction to Character Device Driver Development. Objective. The purpose of lab this week is to create device drivers in an embedded Linux environment. Device drivers are …ECEN 449 749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Homework #2 Due : Wedneday, October 10, 2018 Upload your homework solution to ecampus as a single pdf file. Your homework solution should include a listing of any C code or Verilog code, along with any output obtained when the code is run.Texas A&M University is not only known for its high teaching standards and rich tutoring heritage, but also for its well-equipped laboratories that enable students to understand the practical aspects of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field. With the fast expansion of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field and its applications ... ….

View Homework Help - hw4_sol from ECEN 449 at Texas A&M University. ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Assignment Texas A&M University1. ECEN 449 – Microprocessor System Design Verilog. Texas A&M University2. Objectives of this Lecture Unit. • Get a feel for the basics of Verilog. – The focus of this unit will be along two separate but equally relevant axes. • We will cover the semantics of Verilog and different modeling styles • Also we will ... ECEN 449/749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Assignment #2 Solutions Submit a hardcopy of your homework in class and any C or Verilog code to the grader ([email protected], for all sections). Name your files in a way that identifies you, the homework number, and the question (e.g. khatri hw1 Q1b.v).Texas A&M University is not only known for its high teaching standards and rich tutoring heritage, but also for its well-equipped laboratories that enable students to understand the practical aspects of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field. With the fast expansion of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field and its applications ...Texas A&M University is not only known for its high teaching standards and rich tutoring heritage, but also for its well-equipped laboratories that enable students to understand the practical aspects of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field. With the fast expansion of the Electrical and Computer Engineering field and its applications ...ECEN 489/689 FPGA Information Processing Systems | Spring 2022 Lab webpage. TA: Hailiang Hu. Email: [email protected] Office Hour: 10 - 11 a.m. Monday and Friday, via Zoom (Meeting ID: 985 0733 7621 , Passcode: 4896892022)ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Assignment #1 Due Monday, September 24, 2012 Submit a hardcopy of your homework in class and any C or Verilog code to the TA. For all the code that you write, please provide comments for full credit. 1. [25 points.]m: ECEN 720: High-Speed Links Circuits and Systems Sam Palermommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmii Texas A&M University. m Ecen 449 tamu, ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #8 Interrupt-Based IR-remote Device Driver Objective, ECEN 449/749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Assignment #4 Solutions Submit a hardcopy of your homework in class and any C or Verilog code to the grader ([email protected], for all sections). Name your files in a way that identifies you, the homework number, and the question (e.g. khatri hw1 Q1b.v)., ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Updated By Kyler Scott July 2020 Laboratory Exercise #1 Using the Vivado Objective The aim of this week's lab exercise is to familarize you with the ..., Texas A&M University. Hwrk2.pdf. NAME: HOMEWORK 2 ECEN 445 1) Use the finite-difference-successive over-relaxation (FDSOR) procedure with Ω = 1.25 to find the node potentials Φ for the symmetric stripline shown in the attached figure. The insulator is homogeneous with u000fr = 2.25 and the g., If you are seeing this screen, please try the following: Log out of Howdy ; Clear your browser's cache and cookies. Restart your browser ; Log into Howdy., All ECEN courses at Texas A&M University (TAMU) in College Station, Texas. Data Recovery. ... ECEN 449. Microprocsr Sys Dsgn. ECEN 451. Antenna Engineering. ECEN 453. Microwave Ckt & System. ECEN 454. Dig Integratedckt Des. ECEN 455. Digital Communications. ECEN 457. Operational Amplifiers. ECEN 459., 772600_Fall2020_syllabus.pdf. ECEN 772-600 Introduction to Microelectromechanical Devices and Systems (Fall 2020) Instructor Jun Zou, Office: 205-I WEB, Phone: 862-1640, Email: [email protected].Classroom and Meeting Time Remote on Zoom 1:30‒2:45 pm TR., The Olympus cluster consists of the login node (olympus.ece.tamu.edu), six non-GPU compute nodes and five GPU compute nodes. The cluster has software that ensures users receive the resources needed for their labs by distributing users across the compute nodes based on their course requirements. ... load-ecen-403. load-ecen-425. …, ECEN 449 749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Homework #2 Solutions Upload your homework solution to ecampus as a single file. Your homework solution should include a listing of any C code or Verilog code, along with any output obtained when the code is run., ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #8 Interrupt-Based IR-remote Device Driver Objective, ECEN 403 and 404 are part of an industry-sponsored program which is an introduction to the design process and project engineering as practiced in industry. Student teams apply the design process by developing a project proposed by industry sponsors through test and evaluation. ... Texas A&M University College of Engineering, 3127 TAMU, College ..., ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University. Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #5. Introduction to Kernel Modules on Zynq Linux System. Objective., This yields 12288/48 = 256 bit frames. Each 256b frame consists of a 16-bit address slot and 20-bit data slots (12 such slots), using TDM. So we can address 12 (out of a maximum of 256) audio codecs at a time. Each codec slot has a sampling rate of 48K samples per second, or 960Kbps. Can combine up to 4 slots to get a 192K samples per second., Computer Engineering - BS. 2023-2024 Edition. Computer Engineering - BS. Overview. Program Requirements. The curriculum is designed to cover the engineering aspects of both hardware and software—a total computer systems perspective. All computer engineering students take courses in the following areas: electrical circuits, electronics ..., View HW2 Sol.pdf from ECEN 449 at Texas A&M University. ECEN 449 749: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Homework #2 Solutions Upload, ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Updated By Kyler Scott July 2020 Laboratory Exercise #7 Linux Kernel: Built-in Modules Note: This lab will need to be completed over SSH by connecting to ..., ECEN 248: Introduction to Digital Logic design Sections: 301, 302, 303 Lecture: MWF, 12:40PM -1:30PM, ZACH 241 ... Available online through eCampus (ecampus.tamu.edu) Grading Policy In-Class Assignments: 10% (2 team problems and 1 individual quiz; assigned each class with no Exam or Scheduled Review), ECEN468. This repo contains the lab files for the ECEN468 course offered during Spring 2018. If you are a TAMU student enrolled in future offerings of this course.Please DO NOT copy the code for your Lab Exercises, you will be violating Aggie Code of Honor if you do so., Distance Program Applications: December 1 st (Spring) and August 1 st (Fall) Quick Admit Applications (TAMU Students ONLY ): December 1st (Spring) and August 1st (Fall) To be considered for the Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Merit Fellowship, please submit your Engineering CAS application no later than December 15th., ECEN 455? Hi I was hoping some students who have any knowledge of ECEN 455 could share their experiences with this class? Either first hand or second hand accounts on how hard the course work is compared to other 4 credit hour electives. I searched around and found very little about this class. Taught by Dr. Savari, ABANDON SHIP., ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P Khatri (Lab exercise created and tested by Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P Khatri) Laboratory Exercise #2 Using the Software Development Kit (SDK) Objective , Texas A&M University 6 Pulse Amplitude Modulation • Examples: – Telephone modems faster than 300 bits/sec use PAM – Ethernet uses PAM. • 100BASE-T2 as well as 1000BASE-T use PAM-5 • To achieve full-duplex operation, we can do one of two things – Use some kind of carrier sensing (as in Ethernet, which uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access) , ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Laboratory Exercise #1 Using the Vivado Objective, ECEN 449: Microprocessor System Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Sunil P. Khatri Lab exercise created and tested by: Abbas Fairouz, Ramu Endluri, He Zhou, Andrew Douglass and Sunil P. Khatri Updated By Kyler Scott July 2020 Laboratory Exercise Using the Vivado Objective, Texas A&M University 20 SRAM/DRAM comparison • Speed – SRAM +, DRAM – – Use SRAM for cache, network buffers, etc. • Volatility – SRAM retains data while power is on – DRAM must be refreshed every few milliseconds • Cost – SRAM -, DRAM ++ – Use DRAM for big, cheap memories • Overhead – SRAM +, DRAM – (due to refreshing ..., 5. TAMU Minor or Certificate Program . Student must complete any minor or certificate program offered and recognized by Texas A&M University. Student may choose any valid TAMU minor or certificate program. The coursework for the minor or certificate needs to be completed before your expected graduation date for this, ECEN 248: Introduction to Digital Logic design Sections: 301, 302, 303 Lecture: MWF, 12:40PM -1:30PM, ZACH 241 ... Available online through eCampus (ecampus.tamu.edu) Grading Policy In-Class Assignments: 10% (2 team problems and 1 individual quiz; assigned each class with no Exam or Scheduled Review), Whether you're into interior design or architecture, you can scroll your way to happiness. There’s an episode of Keeping Up with the Kardahians where Kourtney holds up a donut and ..., ECEN-449. Microprocessor Design. About. Microprocessor Design. Readme. Activity. 2 stars. 1 watching. 5 forks. Report repository. Releases. No releases published. …, The class itself isn't too bad. It's a lot of math, especially matrix manipulation. Villareal is legit one of my favorite professors so you'll 100% have a good time taking the class and he'll make it fun., Contribute to cyinwei/tamu-ecen-449-microprocessor-system-design development by creating an account on GitHub., [email protected]; 979-845-7200; Staff Directory; Site Map; Site Policies; About this Site; Employment; Follow Us: Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Instagram YouTube. The College of Engineering is a member of Texas A&M University; Texas A&M Engineering is a member of The Texas A&M University System;, 16 Texas A&M University Intel 1103 DRAM Chip • Intel 1103, 1024 x 1-bit, was the first commercially available DRAM chip • First shipped in 1970, - But initial production yields were low - Not until the "5 th Step" (i.e., 5 th revision of the design) in 1971 that large quantities became available. • Due to small physical size and cost, it replaced core memory in many applications.