Ap gov unit 1 practice test mcq

Unit 1 Overview: Foundations of American Democracy. Government. It's something we interact with every day of our lives—whether it's hopping into a bus or car to get to school, buying that snack at the end of the school day, or taking a hot shower at the end of a long day. We regularly see the effects of government on our life—but in ...

In this video, we'll unpack sample multiple-choice questions.Download questions here: https://tinyurl.com/55sn4b82Stay motivated and keep preparing for AP Ex...AP Psychology Practice Exams. AP Psychology Practice Exams Free Response Notes Flashcards Study Guides. We have links to all of the best online AP Psychology practice exams. There are plenty of challenging tests to choose from, with hundreds of free practice questions. Pick an option from the list below to start your test prep right now!An entitlement program is 1. Which provides benefits regardless of financial need. In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood vs Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that abortion. Restrictions could be imposed by States if they did not involve undue burdens on the women seeking abortions. From clean air legislation to welfare reforms, the states ...Political Socialization. the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions. Political Socialization: 6 influential factors. 1. FAMILY (main source) 2. media. 3. peers/environment. 4. schools/education/work. 5. religion.View Test prep - AP Gov Test 1- 2017 from SS USG at William M. Raines High School. ADVANCED PLACEMENT U.S. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS- UNIT 1 m Name: Multiple Choice: Directions: Each of the questions. AI Homework Help. Expert Help. Study Resources. ... 04.10 AP Practice Exam Part A_ 20-21_V_AP US Govt & Politics v2.pdf. Solutions Available.The United Nations (UN) measures countries' development with its Human Development Index (HDI), ranking countries up to 1.0, or 100 percent. The equation for the index includes social, demographic, and economic factors, such as literacy rate and amount of education, life expectancy, and gross domestic product.In this video, we’ll unpack sample multiple-choice questions.Download questions here: https://tinyurl.com/yp277wmrStay motivated and keep preparing for AP Ex...

Collapse All. Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy. You'll learn how the men who created the U.S. Constitution set up a structure of government intended to stand the test of time, and how the compromises they made left some questions unresolved that continue to be debated today. Topics may include:AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 1: The Comparative Method. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 2: States. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 3: Nations and Society. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 4: The Political Economy.AP Government Unit 1. [all people] are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes …The AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam is designed to evaluate your understanding of key concepts, theories, and facts related to the U.S. government and political system. The exam consists of two sections: multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and free-response questions (FRQs). The MCQ section has 55 questions, and you’ll have 80 minutes to ...36 of 36. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for AP Gov Unit 2 Test Questions, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Ap Gov Unit 1 Practice Test Mcq American Government James Q. Wilson 1998 5 Steps to a 5: 500 AP U.S. Government and Politics Questions to Know by Test Day, Second Edition William Madden 2018-07-27 500 AP style ... ap-gov-unit-1-practice-test-mcq 2 Downloaded from archive.nafc.org on 2023-10-24 by guestDownload free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...

AMSCO AP Gov Unit 3 Practice Questions. Which of the following is the most complete summary of the selective incorporation doctrine? Click the card to flip 👆. The Supreme Court has required states to apply certain rights in the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause. Click the card to flip 👆.Brutus 1 argued that a large republic is dangerous to personal liberty because the federal government would usurp too much power. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free ...AP Gov Executive Branch MCQ Practice. 17 terms. Lauren4010. Preview. Executive Branch- AP Government. 32 terms. Rachel_Vandenberg. ... Vocab AP Gov Unit 1. 17 terms. Bryce_Swain. Preview. Terms in this set (20) 270 Electoral Votes ... 1. President engages in ...AP Gov- Unit 4 Test. 110 terms. Megan_Shuey. Preview. Overview of US Government and Presidential ... Presidential Implied Powers: Steel Seizure. 30 terms. aaragon269. Preview. AP GOV MCQ unit 4. 14 terms. stmarshall293. Preview. AP GOV UNIT 5 PROGRESS CHECK. 27 terms. Lucas_Garcia83. Preview. Judicial Selection Processes. 5 terms. …

Tom thumb weekly ad.

AP® English Language and Composition Exam SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Instructions Section I of this examination contains 45 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the ovals for numbers 1 through 45 on your answer sheet.Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932 after running on the Democratic Party platform that included an expansion of federal programs aimed at pulling the United States out of the Great Depression. The expansion plan, known as the New Deal, substantially increased the voting base of the Democratic Party.D) The domestic price of 1 ring is 1/4 of a watch. E) The domestic price of 1 ring is 12 watches. B. Suppose a country's workers can produce 4 watches per hour or 12 rings per hour. If there is no trade... A) The opportunity cost of 1 watch is 3 rings. B) The opportunity cost of 1 watch is 1/3 of a watch.Unit 1 Study guide for AP Gov. 53 terms. Becca_Vaughan3. Preview. Summary of Amendments to the United States Constitution. 15 terms. quizlette21519120. Preview. ... AP Government- Unit 2 Test Review. 46 terms. sophieadkins26. Preview. POLS 1510 Gov: Judicial Branch. 26 terms. Josie_Cable7. Preview. unit 4. 21 terms. Andrina124519.

The "RHS AP Government Unit 1 Review Quiz" delves into the foundational principles of the American government system, providing a comprehensive overview of key concepts and historical context. Unit 1 typically covers topics like the Constitution, federalism, civil liberties, and the structure of government. Participants will navigate a series of thought-provoking questions that test their ...AP Environmental Science Practice Tests. The AP Environmental Science Exam will be 2 hours and 40 minutes long. You will have 90 minutes to answer 80 multiple-choice questions and 70 minutes to answer three free-response questions: 1. Multiple-Choice Questions. 2.AMSCO AP Gov Unit 3 Practice Questions. Which of the following is the most complete summary of the selective incorporation doctrine? Click the card to flip 👆. The Supreme Court has required states to apply certain rights in the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause. Click the card to flip 👆.Question 7. Although animal cells lack cell walls, they have a complex network of glycoproteins that provide structure and strength to the cell, referred to as: A. Desmosomes. B. Extracellular matrix. C. Intermediate filaments. D.2024 AP Daily: Practice Sessions. Access these 15-minute videos for most courses* that focus on practicing and preparing to answer free-response and multiple-choice questions on AP Exams. *Practice sessions will not be available for AP 2-D Art and Design, AP 3-D Art and Design, AP Drawing, AP Research, AP Seminar, or AP world language and ...a. promote a more equal distribution of wealth in the country. b. guarantee the states a significant economic role. c. preserve and strengthen the farm economy to the …AP Gov Executive Branch MCQ Practice. 17 terms. Lauren4010. Preview. Executive Branch- AP Government. 32 terms. Rachel_Vandenberg. ... Vocab AP Gov Unit 1. 17 terms. Bryce_Swain. Preview. Terms in this set (20) 270 Electoral Votes ... 1. President engages in ...Which of the following was an organizing principle for both Leninism and Maoism. Democratic centralism. Which of the following traditions in China most emphasizes loyalty to the family. Confuciansim. Which of the following government programs in 20th century China was most directly inspired by the Soviet Union.

Take this online APUSH Unit 1 practice test and enhance your knowledge from the A.P. curriculum. Basically, APUSH stands for Advanced Placement United States History (also known as A.P. U.S. History) is a college-level exam that is administered every year for high school students. So, if you've just started studying U.S. history, play this below quiz and evaluate yourself by answering all ...

In the below test, questions are based on the concepts of functions and their notations, graphs of functions, and operations (composition and inverse) on functions. Further, polynomials and rational functions are included along with their graphs and specific properties like roots, end behavior, and vertical and horizontal asymptotes. Question 1.Practice questions, combined with a number of full-length and concept-specific practice tests, give you an opportunity to take nearly 200 different tests to evaluate your AP U.S. Government and AP United States Government and Politics Exam skills. The test is currently a two-hour and twenty-five-minute test, including a multiple-choice section ...The AP Physics 1 Exam consists of two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. The multiple-choice section consists of two question types. Single-select questions are each followed by four possible responses, only one of which is correct. Multi-select questions are a new addition to the AP Physics Exam, and require two ...AP Environmental Science Practice Tests. The AP Environmental Science Exam will be 2 hours and 40 minutes long. You will have 90 minutes to answer 80 multiple-choice questions and 70 minutes to answer three free-response questions: 1. Multiple-Choice Questions. 2.AP US GOV - Unit 1-5 Terminology. 106 terms. EliasMartinez026. Preview. Court Case Review. 16 terms. blake1713. Preview. Federalism vocab . 30 terms. ameliaklenk226. Preview. AP GOV UNIT 5 PROGRESS CHECK. 27 terms. Lucas_Garcia83. Preview. AP Gov Unit 5 Test Bank. 55 terms. clairenunn1. Preview. Congress and Legislative Sessions. 43 terms ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Reapprotionment of seats in the House of Representatives occurs A) every 4 years after a presidential election B) when the minority party wins a majority in the House C) after every 4 congressional election cycles D) every 10 years as a result of the census report E) when the president requests it through an executive order ... The AP U.S. History Overview. Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and includes both a 95-minute multiple-choice and short-answer section (Section I) and a 100-minute free-response section (Section II). Each section is divided into two parts, as shown in the table below.AP GOV Multiple Choice questions exam. Teacher 157 terms. Hooverb42. Preview. AP Government Multiple Choice Questions. 94 terms. ash8063. Preview. Bill of Rights and Amendments. 11 terms. jblaxman22. Preview. GR 3-3. 8 terms. ... UNIT 2 - Interactions Among Branches. 57 terms. Poke004. Preview. Chapter 12 Lesson 1.AP Comparative Government and Politics 2021 Free-Response Questions: Set 1 ... Free-Response Questions from the 2021 AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam Keywords: Comparative Government and Politics; Free-Response Questions; 2021; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice; Set 1 Created Date: 11/9/2020 2:01:05 ...AP Psych Unit 1 Multiple Choice Questions. 113 terms. MikeRobinson1313. Preview. AP Psychology Unit 1 Test (practice test questions) ... AP Psychology Unit 1 Practice Test Questions. 20 terms. gracewhite99. Preview. AP Psych Unit 1 AP Practice Test Questions. 15 terms. Keziah_Anderson. Preview. English quiz 2/5. 25 terms. Aleesia_Alderfer ...

Exquisite tapas photos.

Cole fertilizer distributor parts.

because federal judges are lifetime appointments, Senate confirmation can oftentimes be challenging. AP U.S. Government and Politics - Unit 2 Progress Check: MCQ Part A. Which of the following is an accurate pair of descriptions of the two chambers of Congress? Click the card to flip 👆. House of Representatives: Serves 2-year terms, Senate ...In the below test, questions are based on the concepts of functions and their notations, graphs of functions, and operations (composition and inverse) on functions. Further, polynomials and rational functions are included along with their graphs and specific properties like roots, end behavior, and vertical and horizontal asymptotes. Question 1.In the third interval, we double down on reviewing our mistakes, identifying problem areas and doing targeted AP Comparative Government and Politics practice specifically on those topics. Unlimited AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam multiple choice questions for every unit. Always 100% Free! Note: Some questions and scoring guidelines from the 2023 and earlier AP U.S. Government and Politics Exams may not perfectly align with the course and exam updates that take effect in the 2023-24 school year. These questions remain available because teachers say that imperfectly aligned questions still provide instructional value. AP GOV MCQ unit 1. 21 terms. stmarshall293. Preview. AP Government - Unit 1 Test. 94 terms. bryce_s. Preview. Government Unit 4 Study Guide. 27 terms. brielle5146 ...AP Psych Unit 1 Multiple Choice Questions. 113 terms. MikeRobinson1313. Preview. AP Psych Unit 1 Test. 46 terms. Boudreau_B. Preview. H101 Midterm Prep (Fall '23) ... AP Psychology Unit 1 Progress Check MCQ. 18 terms. aidanm1203071. Preview. AP Psychology Unit 2 EXAM (practice questions) 79 terms. ssloboda2021. Preview. Horses/small animals ...Test your knowledge of cartography, geographic data, human-environmental interaction, spatial concepts, and regional analysis. Question 1. Every map projection has some degree of distortion because. A. cartography is an imprecise science. B. meridians run parallel to each other. C. maps vary by scale but globes do not.View AP Government Unit 1 Practice Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards _ Quizlet.pdf from POLS 101 at College of Western Idaho. 9/26/21, 1:26 PM AP Government Unit 1 Practice Multiple Choice ... AP GOV Test Chapters 1:2:3.docx. Solutions Available. University School. ECON 101. test prep. AP Gov Test 1- 2017. Solutions Available. William M ...AP Calculus AB Practice Exams Free Response Notes Videos Study Guides. We have links to the best online AP Calculus practice exams. These free resources provide thousands of challenging practice questions to work through. Choose from the listing below to get started with your AP Calc AB test prep!18 minutes. See All test questions. Real AP Past Papers with Multiple-Choice Questions. 1. In section 5 of the velocity-versus-time graph, the object is. A. speeding up moving in the positive direction. B. slowing down moving in the positive direction. C. speeding up moving in the negative direction. D. slowing down moving in the negative ...Biotech labs are inventing new Covid-19 tests every day. So why is there still a global testing shortage? From Australia to Italy to the United States, a new surge of Covid-19 test...Exam 2 Study - POLS101. 11 terms. MMauk10. Preview. Judicial Branch Vocab Unit 7. 24 terms. quizlette26725738. Preview. AP GOV - Unit 1 (combined) Teacher 74 terms. South1990. Preview. Poetry II Study Guide. 66 terms. em_droneburg8. Preview (AP Government) Unit 1: Foundations of Democracy ... A First Amendment provision that prohibits ... ….

This is the free-response section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.) AP® Psychology Exam. SECTION II: Free Response.4.2 (6 reviews) Appropriation. Click the card to flip 👆. A legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 42.Our AP US Government unit 5 practice test covers political participation. This includes voting rights, behaviors, political parties and their evolution as well as interest groups and their influence on policymaking. Elections for federal office are also addressed with an emphasis on financing campaigns and analyzing media communications. I ...Learning tools, flashcards, and textbook solutions | QuizletAP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 1: The Comparative Method. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 2: States. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 3: Nations and Society. AP Comparative Government and Politics Practice Test 4: The Political Economy.The AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam is designed to evaluate your understanding of key concepts, theories, and facts related to the U.S. government and political system. The exam consists of two sections: multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and free-response questions (FRQs). The MCQ section has 55 questions, and you'll have 80 minutes to ...Practice questions, combined with a number of full-length and concept-specific practice tests, give you an opportunity to take nearly 200 different tests to evaluate your AP U.S. Government and AP United States Government and Politics Exam skills. The test is currently a two-hour and twenty-five-minute test, including a multiple-choice section ... AP gov unit 1 test review quiz for 9th grade students. Find other quizzes for History and more on Quizizz for free! ... 1. Multiple Choice. Edit. 30 seconds. 1 pt. Jun 16, 2020 · You also do that by watching Fiveable’s Current Events and Elections Updates every Monday at 7:30pm CT. The AP GOPO and Language teams collab on it, and we’ll answer any question you throw at us! 👩🏾‍⚖️ Exam Skills study guides written by former AP US Gov students to review Exam Skills with detailed explanations and practice ... Ap gov unit 1 practice test mcq, E. GDP. decrease decrease no change increase increase. AP Macro MC Practice test with AKey.docx. If a 100 deposit in a bank leads to a 1000 increase in the money supply, the reserve requirement must have been: .10%. 10%. 100%. 1000%., Free practice tests for the TABE can be found on online resources like the testprepreview, studyguidezone and proprofs websites. This test is designed to assess the test taker’s ab..., We've included questions throughout this course to help you practice the skills and information you'll need for the multiple choice portion of your exam. Each time you answer a question, we show you the correct answer, along with rationales to check your understanding. After you try a question, our rationales help you understand why the correct ..., The 2020 free-response questions are available in the AP Classroom question bank. Download free-response questions from past AP Comparative Government and Politics exams, along with scoring guidelines and sample responses., Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office. Don't know? Quiz yourself with questions and answers for AP Gov: Unit 3 Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material., Below is our AP US Government unit 3 practice test. This unit considers freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. Also included are the process of amending the Constitution, social movements, and balancing individual freedoms with social order and balancing minority and majority rights. The state of Arizona executed Joseph R. Wood III …, The AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based Exam will test your understanding of the scientific concepts covered in the course units, as well as your ability to use algebra when solving problems related to Newtonian mechanics, energy, and more. You can use a four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator throughout the exam, and you will be provided ..., In this video, we’ll unpack sample multiple-choice questions.Download questions here: https://tinyurl.com/55sn4b82Stay motivated and keep preparing for AP Ex..., Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ..., The first job of government is to protect the people over which it rules. 1. 20. [all people] are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the ..., AP GOV Unit 1 Progress Check: MCQ. "In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. , Sample Question 1 (Argument Essay) (Adapted from: 2019 AP® U.S. Government and Politics Question 4) Allotted time: 25 minutes (plus 5 minutes to submit) The United States Constitution establishes a federal system of government. Under federalism, policymaking is shared between national and state governments. , Jun 16, 2020 · You also do that by watching Fiveable’s Current Events and Elections Updates every Monday at 7:30pm CT. The AP GOPO and Language teams collab on it, and we’ll answer any question you throw at us! 👩🏾‍⚖️ Exam Skills study guides written by former AP US Gov students to review Exam Skills with detailed explanations and practice ... , 49 questions. Copy & Edit. Live Session. Assign. Show Answers. See Preview. 1. Multiple Choice. 30 seconds. 1 pt. What plan is better for small states? Connecticut plan. New …, a transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic regime. the branch of government that carries out laws and policies of the state with a head of state and head of government, with some states having one person share both roles. the branch of government that makes laws which can either be unicameral or bicameral., 22 of 22. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for AP Gov - Unit 2 Practice Test, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. , Our AP US Government unit 5 practice test covers political participation. This includes voting rights, behaviors, political parties and their evolution as well as interest groups and their influence on policymaking. Elections for federal office are also addressed with an emphasis on financing campaigns and analyzing media communications. I ..., I. the right of the federal government to control interstate commerce II. the authority of a state to tax an agency of the federal government III. the right of the states to declare a federal law null and void IV. the right of the federal government to create the Bank of the United States under the necessary and proper clause. I and II only. , No work requirements for welfare assistance. In today's divided govt, neither party has control of the 3 law making parts of the fed govt, which of the following are the 3 lawmaking parts of the federal govt? House, senate, president. The electoral college is a guarantee that the ______ will elect the president., AP Psychology Practice Test 71: Motivation and Emotion. AP Psychology Practice Test 72: Personality. AP Psychology Practice Test 73: Clinical Psychology (Disorders) AP Psychology Practice Test 74: Clinical Psychology (Treatment) AP Psychology Practice Test 75: Social Psychology. AP Psychology Practice Test 1. AP Psychology Practice …, Bigfoot or an Ancient Ape? - Sasquatch researchers have no conclusive evidence that sasquatches exist. Learn about scientific explanations for the sasquatch, like the gigantopithec..., APE: Get the latest AMC Entertainment stock price and detailed information including APE news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks, AP Government Unit 4. Teacher 43 terms. maa4369. Preview. EXAM 2 - CLARK . 14 terms. maryhayden7. Preview. Government (10/31) 22 terms. EVE_KATZENMEYER. Preview. AP Government Unit 3. ... A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. Texas V. Johnson., AP GOV - Unit 1 MCQ Problems. The next most palpable defect of the subsisting Confederation, is the total want of a SANCTION to its laws. The United States, as now composed, have no powers to exact obedience, or punish disobedience to their resolutions, either by pecuniary [fines], by a suspension or divestiture of privileges, or by any other ..., AP Microeconomics Free-Response Practice Test 3: The Discipline of Economics. AP Microeconomics Free-Response Practice Test 4: Economic Systems. AP Microeconomics Free-Response Practice Test 5: Demand and Supply: The Basics. AP Microeconomics Free-Response Practice Test 6: Elasticity, Taxation, and Consumer Choice., The Exam AP® U.S. Government and Politics Exam SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Instructions Section I of this examination contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the ovals for numbers 1 through 60 on your answer sheet. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice ..., Political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty. Started to solve decentralization. Elements of fuedalism. Serfs farm land for lords in exchange for protection. Lords swear allegiance to kings (usually the most powerful lord) for land and gifts from war. Europes three crop system. 1., Unit 5 of the AP World History curriculum covers revolutions in the period 1750-1900. Topics include the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and subsequent industrial economies, political revolutions, and new trade policies. This free AP World Unit 5 practice test will help you prepare for your exam. Questions 1-4 refer to the passage ..., AMSCO AP Gov Unit 3 Practice Questions. Which of the following is the most complete summary of the selective incorporation doctrine? Click the card to flip 👆. The Supreme Court has required states to apply certain rights in the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause. Click the card to flip 👆., the branches of government charged with taking actions on political issues (Congress, the presidency, the courts, bureaucracy) public policy. a choice that government makes in response to a political issue. democracy. a system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences., The university's global growth ambitions are backfiring. A New York University professor was banned this week (paywall) from traveling to the United Arab Emirates, a prime location..., AP United States Government and Politics Practice Test 1. This test contains 12 AP United States government and politics practice questions with detailed explanations, to be completed in 9 minutes., Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions) Time—45 minutes. 60 Questions. Directions: There are five possible answer choices for each question or incomplete statement. Choose the one answer choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Until the Constitution was ratified, the document that established and defined the government ...